TY - JOURS
T1 - Über den Zusammenhang von Biotoptracht und Mimikry bei Schmetterlingen. Beobachtungen in Südasien und anderen Kontinenten
SUCHANTKE, ANDREAS
JAS - Jahr für Goethe.
JF - Jahrbuch für Goetheanismus
PY - 2000
VL - 2000
SP - 18
EP - 91
DO - 10.18756/jfg.2000.18
SN - Print :1866-4830 Online : 2750-2341 
LA - de
N2 - 
N1 - Wing pattern ofbutterflies Lepidoptem as mirrors ofenvironmental colours and lightResearch in the tropics of the southern continents as well as in the temperate regions during the last decades has revetled the intimate correlatiun of wing colourstion and Wing pattern in butterflies with the corresponding features of their respective environments lherefnre the author introdtieed the term hiotope pnttern Biotoptrachh For a long time the discussion in this field has been exclusively dominated by the theory of lnlmictyfi the protection against predators  which is achieved through theaviaptationsto the environment  is heheved to be the cause of their evolution mr 7Lrtd Random mutations are supposed to have given rise to mugh similarities which are then honed hy natural selection This assttmption is not very convincing because random mutations hy definition contradict to the high degree of synorganisation of a multitude of anatomical und physiologiaial details Working together in building up the definitive Wing patternA more holistic concept avoids the dualistic and atomis1ic approach organisms and environment seen as entirer different entities and tries to understaml organisms on the one hand as independent heings on the other hand englohed formed tttd structttred by the supetorganism of the ecosystem in which they live What is lmppening in one aspect is also present in the other the organism is receptive to the multitude of influences from the semcalled environment which in turn is influenced and formed by the organisms which inhabit it Both directions are cletrly visible in the ontogenetic development of the wing pattern of hutterflies which is achieved in two suhsequent steps at first serial stripes are formed spreatding in it centrifugal manner from certainnucleiin the epidermal layer of the wings In a second step these primary structures are transformed in the majority of cases in a way that the elements of the forewing and hindwing form an entity fitting together even in minor details integrated pattern Totalzeichnung This second step of creating the definite colotns anti patterns takes place in the first 43 hours after pupttion teben tbe demrlnptttg tetngs re tto7ied nude mu from their vttmketsin the farm body am sprend our long the outside It is most astonishine that the wings  separate structures of septtrate segtnents of the body which in the fully developped hutterflv are held juxtaposed one in front of the other  are supertmpused during their pupal development the forewing covering entircly the hindwing separated by a thin chitinous layer Yet the patterns are formed in vtlltiLiptlhtltt of their final sidehyside position It is ohvious that the formation of the pattern is rttled by two antagonistic inlluv ences the first is directed hy the organistn itself the second integrating the formedy isolated pttterns into a whole is related to the struetures of the environment  in which the hutterflv is an integrated part an organ  fornting the biotope patternThis does not mean a step back from Darwin to l1marck Both eonsecutive stages are genetically fixed and cannot be tltered from one generation to the other hy simply changing the environment But it seems to be possible by Irmgterm thtfljt5 of the environmental conditions as seen in the evolution of well adapted animals during longterm elimatie changes e g ice age But it may even happen in a relatively short time and during only a few generations This is shown hy the appearanee of mullilude of entirely new forms after transfer of the wild progenitors in a totally new environment during domestication giving rise to countless forms which never before existed in the wild A certain confirmation of this view could perhaps be seen in recent findings that in highly deversified and intergrading ecosystems ecotones a companth high geno and phenotypic diversity is to be found whereas great uniformity reigns in largescale habitats As with changes in time differences in space when individuals of the same species occupy different habitats  seem to have a related niicfit0evolutionary effeet
AB - 
ST - Über den Zusammenhang von Biotoptracht und Mimikry bei Schmetterlingen
UR - https://dx.doi.org/10.18756/jfg.2000.18
Y2 - 2024-04-29 02:54:00
ER -