Flight of Shimmering Light: Exploring Insights into Hummingbird Biology from Comparative Morphology
ARTIKELREFERENZ EXPORTIEREN
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Zusammenfassung:
Die 377 Arten von Kolibris (Familie Trochilidae) kommen quer durch die Amerikas vor und gelten als die farbenprächtigste Vogelgruppe der Welt. Dieser Status wird dadurch er- reicht, dass die meisten Arten ein unterschiedlich stark schillerndes Gefieder aufweisen. Zu den Kolibris gehören auch die kleinsten Vögel der Welt: Die Bienenelfe oder Hummelkolibri auf Kuba wiegt weniger als 3 Gramm! Kolibris halten in der Tat viele Rekorde in der Vogel- welt. Dementsprechend erörtere ich in diesem Artikel, wie Kolibris extreme Merkmale auf- weisen, von ihrer winzigen Größe bis zu ihrer schillernden Färbung, von ihrer sorgfältig durchkonstruierten Flügelstruktur und hochentwickelten Flugmechanik bis zu ihrem über- proportional großen Gehirn und ihrer hyper-neurosensorischen Betonung, und von ihren superschnellen Flügelschlägen, die ihnen die Fähigkeit verleihen, im dreidimensionalen Raum zu schweben, bis zu ihrem rasenden Herzen und ihrer schnellen Atemfrequenz, die es diesen Vögeln ermöglichen, am Rande des physiologisch Möglichen für ein endothermes Wirbeltier zu existieren. Um diese Merkmale bei Vögeln im Allgemeinen zu kontextualisieren, wende ich einen vergleichenden morphologischen Ansatz an. Dementsprechend behaupte ich, dass wir die Biologie der Kolibris besser verstehen können, wenn wir ihre Merkmale beispielsweise mit denen des Straußes – des größten lebenden Vogels – sowie mit den Merkmalen von Mauerseglern, den vermutlich vogelkundlich am nächsten lebenden Verwandten der Kolibris, vergleichen und gegenüberstellen. Darüber hinaus bieten der Vergleich von übertriebenen sowie verkümmerten anatomischen Strukturen innerhalb des Kolibris sowie die Verfolgung der morphologischen Veränderungen während der Entwicklung vom Schlüpfling zum Er- wachsenen Einblicke in die Einzigartigkeit der Kolibri-Morphologie. Ich stelle auch fest, wie Menschen von der »Magie« der Kolibris angezogen werden und ihre Eindrücke durch Kunst, Fotografie und Prosa zum Ausdruck bringen, und viele hoffen, diese gefiederten Ju- welen im heimischen Garten zu beobachten, oder sogar in entlegene gebirgige neotropische Regenwälder zu reisen, um einige der spektakulärsten Kolibri-Arten zu sehen. Schließlich untersuche ich ausgewählte alte und zeitgenössische Mythologien der indigenen Völker Ame- rikas, um zu erfahren, welche wichtigen Rollen Kolibris in diesen Kulturen spielten und weiterhin spielen.
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