Lebendige Mineralwelt im Knochen

Lebendige Mineralwelt im Knochen

Roselies Gehlig
Jahrbuch für Goetheanismus 2008, 2008, P.145-194 | DOI: 10.18756/jfg.2008.145
Physiology | Language: German | €6
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Abstract:

The mineral realm in living bone

The mineralisation of the skeleton is based on the dissolved calcium, phosphate and carbonate of body fluids and even on the water and carbon dioxide of the earth‘s hydrosphere and atmosphere. But it is also related to the mineral realm‘s crystalline calcium phosphate and carbonate, especially to apatite. The polar extremes of skeleton formation actually lie in the ‚environment‘ which expresses itself in a distinct tendency to two-dimensionality:

- First of all organic-mineral germs arise on and in the outer membranes of the mitochondria of cartilage and bone cells and the outer membranes of extracellular vesicles.

- Apatite precursors (brushite, octacalcium phosphate-like phases) form lamellar structures in close relation to the aqueous realm.

- Collagen fibres gradually become completely coated with biological apatite.

- Despite its three dimensional, networked, stable scaffolding-structure the biological apatite remains connected With two-dimensionality. Its microcrystallinity provides the skeleton with an enormous inner surface area which is in intense exchange with the environment via the hydrate envelopes of the crystallite.

- Non-apatite areas of the surface of the apatite crystallite contain highly reactive, exehangeable, labile phosphate and labile carbonate, which is greatest in the cartilaginous and young bone mineral. Labile carbonate is physiologically decisive for this.

As the skeleton matures stable phosphate and stable carbonate increase. Above all, stable carbonate replaces stable phosphate, the most stable position in the crystal structure. To a lesser extent it is replaced by the more readily exchangeable hydroxide, fluoride or chloride. The latter and the equally exchangeable calcium are localised in particular ,migration zones‘ of the crystal structure.

The extent of variation and readiness to partake in processes of apatite are particularly strongly connected with carbonate. Even in the mineral realm, apatite shows an extraordinary capacity for absorption various exogenous ions. Apatite‘s natural typical structural variability makes it particularly suited to its function in the organism. But even the carbonate of the mineral realm is very inclined to variation, between, on the one hand, totally dissolved calcium hydrogen carbonate and, on the other hand, calcite, the mineral with the greatest number of forms.

Something of the nature of bone already resides in the apatite of the mineral realm. No mineral other than apatite can form the skeleton in such a living way, and keep it in connection with life.

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